A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is primarily performed for colorectal cancer screening, to detect abnormalities such as polyps, tumors or inflammation, and to investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss or abdominal pain.
With the right preparation and understanding of the procedure, a colonoscopy can be a straightforward and manageable experience. Knowing what to expect can help ease concerns and ensure a smooth process.
How Long Does a Colonoscopy Take?
The duration of a colonoscopy varies based on several factors, including a patient’s anatomy, the presence of abnormalities, and whether any interventions are needed (such as polyp removal or biopsies).
On average, a colonoscopy typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes from start to finish. In cases where no abnormalities are found, the procedure may take less than 30 minutes. However, if polyps are removed or tissue biopsies are needed, the procedure may take slightly longer.
Other FAQs About Colonoscopies
How Do You Prepare for a Colonoscopy?
Proper preparation is essential for a successful and effective colonoscopy, as a clean colon provides the best visibility for detecting abnormalities.
Preparation typically includes:
- Dietary changes: Following a clear liquid diet for 24 to 48 hours before the procedure (such as broth, clear juices, gelatin, and sports drinks with no red or purple dye).
- Bowel cleansing: Taking a prescribed laxative solution or using enemas to fully empty the bowel.
- Medication adjustments: Stopping certain medications (such as blood thinners and iron supplements) as advised by a doctor.
A healthcare provider will provide detailed, personalized instructions to ensure the bowel is properly cleansed.
What Happens During a Colonoscopy?
During a colonoscopy:
- The patient lies on their side with their knees drawn toward their chest.
- A colonoscope — a flexible tube with a camera and light — is gently inserted through the rectum and advanced through the colon.
- The doctor examines the colon’s lining in real-time on a monitor.
- A small amount of air or carbon dioxide is used to expand the colon for better visibility.
- If polyps or abnormal tissue are found, they can be removed or biopsied during the procedure.
Is a Colonoscopy Different for Women Than for Men?
The procedure itself is the same for both men and women. However, individual anatomy and medical history may influence the approach taken by the doctor. Women may have more colon looping due to a narrower pelvis, which could slightly impact the ease of the procedure.
How Long Does It Take to Recover from a Colonoscopy?
Recovery from a colonoscopy is typically quick. After the procedure:
- Patients are monitored for a short time to ensure there are no complications from sedation or the procedure.
- Due to the effects of sedation, patients should not drive, work or operate machinery for at least 12 hours.
- Mild bloating or cramping is common but usually resolves within a few hours.
- Most people can resume normal activities the next day.
When to Schedule a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a critical tool for colorectal cancer prevention, allowing for early detection and treatment of abnormalities.
The recommended screening guidelines are:
- Men and women age 45 and older should have regular screenings.
- Earlier screenings may be necessary for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or concerning symptoms (such as rectal bleeding or unexplained weight loss).
- If no polyps or signs of disease are found, a repeat colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years.
If you are due for a screening or have concerns about your digestive health, consult a healthcare provider to determine whether a colonoscopy is appropriate for you and to discuss what to expect before, during and after the procedure.
For more information about our colonoscopy screening program, visit Stony Brook Medicine’s Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology website. We also offer a FastTrack Screening Colonoscopy, allowing eligible patients to schedule a colonoscopy without a pre-procedure visit with a Stony Brook gastroenterologist. Click here for more information.
